Before I emigrated over here from the UK, I got a work visa fro a summer. I believe it worked partly because I was still in school, but it was a few years ago, so I am not positive if this was a requirement.
Either way, I was required to be sponsored, either by an employer or another credited firm. There are companies that will pay all costs of visa plus a little extra to sponsor you so that you do not need a job prior to leaving. Sorry that I cannot remember the name of the company that I used in the UK. Definitely check with the US Embassy, although checking out their website should help, as I seem to remember it explains all their different visas and who is eligible.
Hopefully this helps, even if I am a bit vague on the process. Good luck.
That sounds about right. A friend of mine came here from Sweden over the summer and intends to work here for a year, and I believe that he went through a similar process.