This is a two part question:
For this example, I'll use Fire Covenant, but rolling thunder or any "deal X damage divided as you choose/evenly to any number of target creatures" spell works for this question.
Fire Covenant Instant 1BR
As an additional cost to cast Fire Covenant, pay X life.
Fire Covenant deals X damage divided as you choose among any number of target creatures.
So my questions are 1) can you deal less than 1 damage to a target? So if there are 2 1/1 creatures, can I pay 1 life on covenant and hit both creatures for half a damage? Or pay 1 and hit 8 creatures for 1/8th damage each? and 2) can I pay 0 to deal 0 damage, but choose several targets? If there are 5 creatures in play, can I pay 1BR and 0 life to target all 5 creatures to deal 0 damage?
Fire Covenant ruling text:
9/16/2007: If X is 0, the number of targets must also be 0. If X is greater than 0, the number of targets must be at least 1 and at most X. You must distribute at least 1 damage to each target.