Mana Drain:
At the beginning of your next main phase, add

to your mana pool, where X is that spell's converted mana cost.
Converted mana cost
The mana cost of a card is indicated by mana symbols printed on its upper right corner.
The converted mana cost of an object is a number equal to the total amount of mana in its mana cost, regardless of color.
If a cost has an "X" in it, the mana cost equals the amount announced as part of playing the spell or ability while it is on the stack, but if the card in any other zone, X is treated as zero.
Chalice of the void:
Whenever a player plays a spell with converted mana cost equal to the number of charge counters on ~this~, counter that spell.
A triggered ability begins with the word "when," "whenever," or "at."
The answers for your questions with this info become:
A.1: Three mana (1+x=1+2=3)
A.2: Four mana (x+x=2+2=4)
B: The sentence concerning the free mana starts with "at". As it is a triggered ability, you can stifle it.
C: Mind Twisting or scrying for zero will result in a countered card. Twisting or scrying for anything larger then zero will not be countered by a chalice at one. Basking Rootwalla still has a converted mana cost (CMC) of one with the madness cost, so it will be countered. Remember that countered spells still count towards storm count.
Hope this helps,
Leon
Edit: Remember that when the chalice resolves, the

's in the upper right corner will be treated as zero, so a gorilla shaman will be able to destroy it for

+{X}+{X}=1+0+0=1 mana.