They recently added a Communication Guidelines to the Penalty Guidelines. It lays out a baseline for how much information players are required to communicate.
Free information is so called because all players are entitled access to this information without contamination or omissions made by their opponent. If you’re ever unable or unwilling to provide free information to an opponent that has requested it, you should call a judge and explain the situation. Free Information includes:
Details of current game actions and past game actions that still affect the game state.
The name of any object in a public zone.
The physical status (tapped/flipped) and current zone of any object.
Player life totals and the game score of the current match.
Derived information is information to which all players are permitted, but which your opponents are not obliged to assist you in determining and may require some skill or calculation to determine. Derived Information includes:
The number of objects present in any game zone.
All objects in public zones and any of their characteristics that are not defined as free information.
Game Rules, Tournament Policy, Oracle content and any other official information pertaining to the current event. Cards are considered to have their Oracle text printed on them.
Sorry for the big block of text. This is a quote from the CG about what defines free vs derived.
Players may not represent derived or free information incorrectly, improperly, or falsely.
Players must answer completely and honestly any specific questions pertaining to free information.
At Regular REL, all derived information is instead considered free.
These are the relevant rules for communication. If this is being run at Regular REL, then whenever you ask "Is your Goyf a 3/4?", he needs to either answer you or call over a judge and explain why he doesn't want to answer you.